{"id":171,"date":"2014-10-25T11:00:12","date_gmt":"2014-10-25T11:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.70\/wordpress\/?page_id=171"},"modified":"2017-08-05T09:02:24","modified_gmt":"2017-08-05T09:02:24","slug":"thyngdarlinsur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/stjornur\/thyngdarlinsur\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00deyngdarlinsur"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Sj\u00e1 bloggpistilinn: \u00a0N\u00fa mun \u00feig svima! \u00deyngdarlinsur eru \u00f3gnarst\u00f3r gleraugu alheimsins…\u00a0<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Hafi einhvern sundla\u00f0 vi\u00f0 lestur\u00a0pistilsins<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0um\u00a0Andromedu<\/strong>\u00a0stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokunu \u00fear sem l\u00edklega eru um 400.000.000.000 s\u00f3lir\u00a0 og fundi\u00f0 til sm\u00e6\u00f0ar sinnar, \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e6tti hinn sami a\u00f0 spenna beltin \u00e1\u00f0ur en lengra er lesi\u00f0\u00a0\"Smile\".<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00feessum pistli \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 brot \u00far alheiminum og nota \u00f3tr\u00falegt fyrirb\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 skyggnast milljar\u00f0a \u00e1ra aftur \u00ed t\u00edmann, og jafnvel vir\u00f0a fyrir okkur stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokur e\u00f0a vetrarbrautir sem eru bakvi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar sl\u00edkar. \u00a0Vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlum ekki a\u00f0 nota eiginlega t\u00edmav\u00e9l, heldur \u00f3gnarst\u00f3ran sj\u00f3nauka sj\u00e1lfrar n\u00e1tt\u00farunnar. Hann er svo st\u00f3r, a\u00f0 jafnvel Andromeda v\u00e6ri varla st\u00e6rri en ein l\u00edtil skr\u00fafa \u00ed sl\u00edkum grip. Fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 kallast\u00a0\u00feyngdarlinsa<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0og s\u00e9st greinilega \u00e1 myndinni h\u00e9r fyrir ofan.\u00a0 \u00deessi \u00feyrping vetrarbrauta \u00e1 myndinni kallast\u00a0Abell 2218<\/strong><\/a><\/span>\u00a0og er \u00ed\u00a0Drekamekinu<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>og er \u00ed um tveggja milljar\u00f0a lj\u00f3s\u00e1ra fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0. Lj\u00f3si\u00f0 er 2.000.000.000 \u00e1r \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni til okkar, en vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlum samt a\u00f0 skyggnast miklu lengra me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp \u00feyngdarlinsunnar sem \u00feyngdarsvi\u00f0 vetrarbrauta\u00feyrpingarinnar miklu, og ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur\u00a0hulduefnisins<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0sem \u00fear vir\u00f0ist vera gn\u00f3tt af, veldur.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 myndinni h\u00e9r fyrir ofan m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 aragr\u00faa stj\u00f6rnu\u00feoka e\u00f0a vetrarbrauta, \u00fear sem hver um sig inniheldur milljar\u00f0a s\u00f3lna. \u00deetta eru sem sagt ekki f\u00e1einar stj\u00f6rnur sem vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um \u00e1 myndinni, heldur \u00fe\u00fasundir milljar\u00f0a stjarna. \u00deetta er samt ekki nema \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 brot af stj\u00f6rnuhimninum, en myndin var tekin me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta\u00a0Hubble sj\u00f3naukann<\/strong><\/a><\/span>\u00a0sem er \u00e1 braut umhverfis j\u00f6r\u00f0u stara t\u00edmunum saman \u00e1 \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 brot \u00e1 sv\u00f6rtum himninum \u00fear sem engar stj\u00f6rnur byrgja s\u00fdn. \u00a0\u00c1 \u00feessari mynd eru sem sagt engar stj\u00f6rnur sem vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um \u00e1 himninum, og ekki heldur stj\u00f6rnur sem sj\u00e1st \u00ed bestu sj\u00f3naukum, heldur heilu stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokurnar e\u00f0a vetrarbrautirnar. \u00d6rl\u00edt\u00f0 brot af alheiminum, en samt \u00f3gnarst\u00f3rt.<\/p>\n

Hvar er svo \u00feyngdarlinsan?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Umhverfis bjarta fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0a bogadregnar l\u00ednur. \u00deetta eru eins og brot \u00far hringferlum me\u00f0 sameiginlega mi\u00f0ju. \u00deetta m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 v\u00edtt og breitt um alla myndina, en mi\u00f0ja hringsins er dularfulla bjarta fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 vinstra megin. \u00deessar bogadregnu l\u00ednur eru ekki \u00feyngdarlinsan sj\u00e1lf, \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan er \u00f3s\u00fdnileg e\u00f0a gegns\u00e6 eins og linsur eiga a\u00f0 vera. Hva\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f3sk\u00f6punum er er \u00feetta \u00fe\u00e1? Svari\u00f0 er stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokur e\u00f0a vetrarbrautir sem eru bak vi\u00f0 bjarta fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 og n\u00e1tt\u00farulegi sj\u00f3naukinn birtir okkur.\u00a0\u00a0 Vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um \u00fev\u00ed eiginlega \u00ed gegn um \u00feetta bjarta fyrirb\u00e6ri, \u00fev\u00ed lj\u00f3si\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00feessum fjarl\u00e6gu stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokum sveigir fram hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, – \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 fara eftir beinni l\u00ednu !!!<\/p>\n

\u00d6ll h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 s\u00e9\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6gar byggingar, h\u00f3la og fj\u00f6ll, r\u00edsa upp fyrir sj\u00f3ndeildarhringinn \u00e1 heitum sumard\u00f6gum \u00feegar vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um \u00fdmislegt \u00ed hillingum. Vi\u00f0 vitum \u00f6ll hvernig lj\u00f3si\u00f0 brotnar \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni til okkar \u00feannig a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um sumt sem yfirleitt er huli\u00f0 sj\u00f3num. A\u00f0 nokkru leyti svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem vi\u00f0 erum a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a, \u00fe.e. \u00feyngdarlinsur, en samt gj\u00f6r\u00f3l\u00edkt.<\/p>\n

Sko\u00f0um n\u00fa myndina h\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an. \u00dear sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 hvernig svona \u00feyngdarlinsa virkar. Vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um hvernig hinn gr\u00ed\u00f0armikli efnismassi, sem er milli jar\u00f0ar og hins fjarl\u00e6ga fyrirb\u00e6ris, sveigir lj\u00f3si\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 fer \u00ed sveig framhj\u00e1 hindruninni. N\u00e1nar\u00a0h\u00e9r<\/a><\/strong><\/span>. Myndin er \u00fe\u00f3 arfavitlaus a\u00f0 einu leyti. J\u00f6r\u00f0in er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 s\u00fdnd allt of st\u00f3r, en \u00feetta er j\u00fa bara sk\u00fdringarmynd.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00edmav\u00e9lin?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 getum ekki sagt skili\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feyngdarlinsurnar \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nota t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri\u00f0 til a\u00f0 skyggnast \u00f3ralangt aftur \u00ed t\u00edmann. Langlei\u00f0ina a\u00f0 sk\u00f6pun alheimsins!<\/p>\n

\u00c1\u00f0ur en vi\u00f0 leggjum af sta\u00f0 \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra sm\u00e1vegis til a\u00f0 skilja hva\u00f0 er \u00e1 sey\u00f0i.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 efstu myndinni sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sumar stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokurnar eru rau\u00f0litar. Hvernig stendur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Margir hafa veitt \u00fev\u00ed athygli a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0 flugv\u00e9lar eru ekki \u00feau s\u00f6mu \u00feegar h\u00fan n\u00e1lgast okkur og \u00feegar h\u00fan fjarl\u00e6gist. Um lei\u00f0 og h\u00fan fl\u00fdgur yfir h\u00f6f\u00f0i okkar breytist hlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0. T\u00f3nninn l\u00e6kkar. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00feessu eru svonefnd Doppler-hrif, en g\u00f3\u00f0 sk\u00fdring \u00e1 \u00feeim eru\u00a0h\u00e9r<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0\u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum.<\/p>\n

Heimurinn er allur a\u00f0 \u00feenjast \u00fat. \u00deannig hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 allt fr\u00e1 d\u00f6gum miklahvells fyrir 13,7 millj\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00e1ra. Vetrarbrautir, e\u00f0a \u00f6nnur fyrirb\u00e6ri, fjarl\u00e6gjast hverja a\u00f0ra me\u00f0 hra\u00f0a sem vex me\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0inni. Eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0in er meiri fr\u00e1 okkur fjarl\u00e6gist vetrarbrautin hra\u00f0ar. Doppler hrifin gera \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0ni lj\u00f3ssins fr\u00e1 fjarl\u00e6gu vetrarbrautinni l\u00e6kkar. Mj\u00f6g fjarl\u00e6gar stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokur e\u00f0a \u00a0vetrarbrautir ver\u00f0a gulleitar, enn\u00fe\u00e1 fjarl\u00e6gari appels\u00ednugular og \u00f3gnarfjarl\u00e6gar rau\u00f0leitar. \u00deess vegna kallast fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 rau\u00f0vik. \u00dat fr\u00e1 rau\u00f0vikinu getum vi\u00f0 meti\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0, hra\u00f0a og aldur fyrirb\u00e6risins. \u00c1 ensku kallast \u00fea\u00f0 redshift. Sj\u00e1 greinina\u00a0“Litbrig\u00f0i og \u00fer\u00f3un vetrarbrauta\u00feyrpinga”<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0h\u00e9r<\/a><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

J\u00e6ja,\u00a0n\u00fa skulum vi\u00f0 sko\u00f0a myndina h\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an<\/strong>, sem einnig er af Abell 2218 \u00feyrpingunni. \u00c1 tveim st\u00f6\u00f0um hafa rau\u00f0leit fyrirb\u00e6ri veri\u00f0 afm\u00f6rku\u00f0.\u00a0 Hva\u00f0 skyldi \u00feetta vera? J\u00fa \u00feetta er fjarl\u00e6gasta fyrirb\u00e6ri alheimsins sem vita\u00f0 er um. \u00dea\u00f0 er svo langt \u00ed burtu a\u00f0 lj\u00f3si\u00f0 lag\u00f0i af sta\u00f0 fyrir 13 millj\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00e1ra. N\u00fa er alheimurinn 13,7 milljar\u00f0a \u00e1ra gamall, \u00feannig a\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0 var a\u00f0eins 700 millj\u00f3n \u00e1ra \u00feegar lj\u00f3si\u00f0 lag\u00f0i af sta\u00f0. Sj\u00e1\u00a0h\u00e9r<\/a><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\"558px-2004-08-a-web_print\"<\/a><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum n\u00fa fer\u00f0ast n\u00e6rri endim\u00f6rkum alheimsins og erum komin heil \u00e1 h\u00fafi til baka. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum kynnst nokkrum af undrum veraldar og skynjum ef til vill betur st\u00f6\u00f0u okkar \u00ed alheimi. Heimurinn er ekki lengur \u00f3endanlega st\u00f3r…<\/p>\n

\u00cd fyrirs\u00f6gninni k\u00f6llu\u00f0um vi\u00f0 \u00feyngdarlinsur gleraugu alheimsins. Vi\u00f0 g\u00e6tum \u00ed h\u00e1lfk\u00e6ringi alveg eins kalla\u00f0 \u00feau gleraugu Einsteins,\u00a0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed\u00a0a<\/span>lmennu afst\u00e6\u00f0iskenningunni<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>sag\u00f0i hann \u00feegar \u00e1ri\u00f0 1916 fyrir um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig efnismikill hlutur sveigir t\u00edmar\u00fami\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 lj\u00f3si\u00f0 fer ekki eftir beinni l\u00ednu fram hj\u00e1 honum.<\/p>\n

\u00deyngdarlinsur eru magna\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00fa er \u00fea\u00f0 spurning dagsins:
\nSundlar fleiri en mig vi\u00f0 svona fer\u00f0alag um t\u00edma og r\u00fam?<\/span>\u00a0 \ud83d\ude42<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 — — —<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00cdtarefni:<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Nutima_stjornufraedi\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u00f3kin\u00a0N\u00fat\u00edma stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0i – fr\u00e1 s\u00f3lkerfinu okkar til vetrarbrauta og endimarka alheimsins<\/strong>\u00a0eftir Vilhelm S Sigmundsson kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 2007.<\/p>\n

“Leyndard\u00f3mar himingeimsins \u00ed m\u00e1li og myndum, allt fr\u00e1 reikistj\u00f6rnum s\u00f3lkerfisins til hv\u00edtra dverga, svarthola, vetrarbrauta og endimarka alheimsins. Fjalla\u00f0 er \u00e1 a\u00f0gengilegan en \u00edtarlegan h\u00e1tt um n\u00fat\u00edma stjarnv\u00edsindi og m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 l\u00edfi \u00ed alheimi”.<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e1b\u00e6r b\u00f3k!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Sj\u00e1 bloggpistilinn: \u00a0N\u00fa mun \u00feig svima! \u00deyngdarlinsur eru \u00f3gnarst\u00f3r gleraugu alheimsins…\u00a0) Hafi einhvern sundla\u00f0 vi\u00f0 lestur\u00a0pistilsins\u00a0um\u00a0Andromedu\u00a0stj\u00f6rnu\u00feokunu \u00fear sem l\u00edklega eru um 400.000.000.000 s\u00f3lir\u00a0 og fundi\u00f0 til sm\u00e6\u00f0ar sinnar, \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e6tti hinn sami a\u00f0 spenna beltin \u00e1\u00f0ur en lengra er lesi\u00f0\u00a0. \u00cd \u00feessum pistli \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00f6rl\u00edti\u00f0 brot \u00far alheiminum og nota \u00f3tr\u00falegt fyrirb\u00e6ri…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":49,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1525,"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/171\/revisions\/1525"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.agust.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}